| Black walnut -Juglans nigra Kashmir |
The black walnut (Juglans nigra) is a majestic deciduous tree native to North America, celebrated for its high-quality timber and nutritious nuts. Growing up to 30–40 meters tall with a broad, spreading crown, it adds elegance and shade to landscapes. Its pinnately compound leaves, composed of 15–23 leaflets, turn a vibrant yellow in autumn, creating a striking seasonal display. The dark, deeply furrowed bark is characteristic, making the tree easily recognizable.
Black walnut thrives in well-drained, fertile soils and prefers full sun. It is moderately drought-tolerant once established but does best in temperate climates with cold winters and warm summers. A notable feature of this tree is its allelopathic nature: it produces juglone, a chemical that can inhibit the growth of certain nearby plants, so careful planning in gardens is required.
The tree’s nuts, encased in thick, hard shells, are rich in flavor and widely used in cooking, baking, and snacks. Black walnut wood is highly prized for furniture, cabinetry, and veneers due to its rich brown color and fine grain. Beyond human use, the tree supports wildlife, providing food for squirrels, birds, and deer. With proper care, black walnut trees can live for decades, offering both ecological and economic benefits.
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